The previous sections provide advice on the interpretation and application of REACH and detail the overall process that should be followed in finding, assembling and evaluating all the relevant information that is required for the registration of a chemical under REACH. This chapter elaborates more detailed guidance on non-testing approaches such as QSAR and grouping that facilitate the evaluation of the intrinsic properties of chemicals. All of these approaches have a role in extending and extrapolating the existing information and improving the focus of new testing strategies and study design towards attaining the goal of protecting human health and the environment whilst minimising the need for additional vertebrate testing.